Steve Charnovitz

George Washington University Law School

Recent Speech

"International Trade Cooperation in an Era of Turbulence," Keynote Address to the Informal EU Trade Ministers, October 19, 2023.

Recent Publications

"Reforming the WTO To Better Promote Social Justice," in Social Justice and the World of Work (Brian Langille & Anne Trebilock eds, Bloomsbury, 2023.
"A Better Transatlantic Agenda on Trade and Environment," Jean Monnet Network on Transatlantic Trade Politics, Policy Brief #2, Dec. 2021.
"A Statutory Path for Yellen's Global Tax Treaty," Wall Street Journal, October 2021.
"Solving the Challenges to World Trade," in GW Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2020-78, November 2020.
"Three Perspectives of the World Trade Organization’s Authority," Public Jurist, May 2020.
"How the Topsy-Turvy Trade World Affects Climate Change Cooperation", in Cool Heads in a Warming World Part Four, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, February 2020.

Books
Online Journals and Papers
Law Journals
Articles in Edited Volumes
International Affairs Journals
Trade Policy Journals
Environment Journals
Economics Journals
Business Journals
Op-eds and Letters
Pamphlets
Book Reviews
Various Lectures, Panel Presentations, Testimony & Interviews

Books

The Path of World Trade Law in the 21st Century (World Scientific Studies in International Economics, 2015). Read the Foreword by James Bacchus here. Read the Introduction by Steve Charnovitz here.
Global Warming and the World Trading System (Co-author with Gary Clyde Hufbauer & Jisun Kim), Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2009. Read Chapter 2 here, Chapter 3 here, Chapter 4 here, and Chapter 5 here. Review by Daniel C. Esty.
Law in the Service of Human Dignity: Essays in Honour of Florentino Feliciano (Co-Editor with Debra P. Steger and Peter Van den Bossche), Cambridge University Press, 2005. Review by Ingrid Detter.
Trade Law and Global Governance, Cameron May 2002. Book Launch, June 2002, Woodrow Wilson Center. Foreword by John H. Jackson. Review by Robert E. Hudec.

Online Journals and Papers

"The ILO as a Global Social Justice Agency," Conference on Social Justice and the Future of the ILO, July 13, 2023.
"A Veritable Worker-Centered Trade Policy," June 15, 2023.
"Toward a More Open ICJ Advisory Process," International Economic Law and Policy Blog, April 2, 2023.
"Achieving a Strong Kenya-US Bilateral Free Trade Agreement," August 26, 2022.
Using Trade Strategies to Combat Forced Labor, July 31, 2022.
A Worker Centered US Trade Policy [Transcript], July 2022. Listen to the podcast here.
Comments Regarding U.S.-Taiwan Initiative on 21st Century Trade, June 7, 2022.
"A Better Transatlantic Agenda on Trade and Environment," Jean Monnet Network on Transatlantic Trade Politics, Policy Brief #2, Dec. 2021.
"The Expanding Labor Dimension of US-Negotiated Regional Trade Agreements" (Postscript on USMCA), March 2021.
"Solving the Challenges to World Trade," in GW Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2020-78, November 2020.
"Landmark court decision limits presidential trade restrictions," (with Gary Hufbauer) VOX EU-CEP, 28 July 2020.
Insights on Vanadium on US Trade Policy, Comment on Section 232 Investigation, 26 June 2020.
"The Field of International Pandemic Law," Worldtradelaw.net blog, May 2020.
"How WTO Dispute Settlement Succumbed to the Trump Administration," in GW Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2019-73 and GW Law School Public Law and Legal Theory Paper No. 2019-73, December 2019.
Why the International Exhibitions Bureau Should Choose Minneapolis for Global Expo 2023, October 2017.
"An Appraisal of the Labor Chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership," Committee on Ways and Means Democrats, January 2016
"Environmental Sustainability and Competitiveness: Policy Imperative and Corporate Opportunity," (with Daniel C. Esty), Harvard Business School Competitiveness Project, March 2013.
"USTR Can Do Better at Fulfilling its FOIA Responsibilities." July 20, 2009.

Law Journals

"Three Perspectives of the World Trade Organization’s Authority," Public Jurist, May 2020, 19-20
"A WTO if you can keep it," Questions of International Law, November 2019.
"How American Rejectionism Undermines International Economic Law," Trade, Law and Development, 2018.
"The Historical Lens in International Economic Law,"Journal of International Economic Law, March 2019.
"John Jackson and the GATT's Transformation," 15 World Trade Review 401-03 (July 2016).
"International Trade and Investment Law and Carbon Management Technologies," (with Nigel Bankes, Anatole Boute, Shi-Ling Hsu, Sarah McCalla & Elizabeth Whitsett) Natural Resources Journal, Summer 2013.
"Correcting America's Continuing Failure to Comply with the Avena Judgment," American Journal of International Law, July 2012.
"Congress Approves U.S. Free Trade Agreements with Colombia, Korea, and Panama, Utilizing Unusual Procedure for Korea Agreement," (with John R. Crook) American Journal of International Law, January 2012.
"The Illegitimacy of Preventing NGO Participation," Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 2011.
"Preventing Opportunistic Uncompliance by WTO Members," (with David J. Townsend) Journal of International Economic Law, June 2011.
"The U.S. International Labor Relations Act," ABA Journal of Labor & Employment Law, Winter 2011.
"What Is International Economic Law?," Journal of International Economic Law, March 2011. Revised and expanded in "The Field of International Economic Law," Journal of International Economic Law, September 2014.
"Addressing Government Failure Through International Financial Law," Journal of International Economic Law, September 2010. Reprinted in International Law in Financial Regulation and Monetary Affairs (Thomas Cottier et al. eds., 2012).
"Reviewing Carbon Charges and Free Allowances under Environmental Law and Principles," ILSA Journal of International And Comparative Law, Winter 2010.
"President Acts on Labor Claim of Market Disruption, Imposes Tariffs on Chinese Tires," American Journal of International Law, January 2010.
"State Department Notifies Congress of New ILO Conventions and Recommendations," American Journal of International Law, July 2009.
"The Enforcement of WTO Judgments," Yale Journal of International Law, Summer 2009.
"Introductory Remarks," to "Border Tax Adjustments: Climate Change, the WTO, and New Tools for International Environmental Law-Making," in Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting. American Society of International Law, March 2009.
"Revitalizing the U.S. Compliance Power," American Journal of International Law, July 2008.
"The ILO Convention on Freedom of Association and Its Future in the United States," American Journal of International Law, January 2008.
"A New WTO Paradigm for Trade and the Environment," The Singapore Year Book of International Law 2007.
"The WTO's Environmental Progress," Journal of International Environmental Law, September 2007, reprinted in Debra Steger (ed.), The World Trade Organization (Routledge, 2014).
"U.S. Practice Regarding Acceptance of Amendments to the WTO Agreement," Contemporary Practice of the United States, American Journal of International Law, July 2007.
"Taiwan's WTO Membership and Its International Implications," Asian Journal of the WTO & International Health Law & Policy, September 2006.
"Nongovernmental Organizations and International Law," American Journal of International Law, April 2006.
"Introduction to 'International Trade and Developing Countries'," Fordham International Law Journal, January 2006.
"An Analysis of Pascal Lamy's Proposal on Collective Preferences," Journal of International Economic Law, June 2005. Reprinted in Mondialisation et preferences collectives: la reconciliation?, En Temps Reel, October 2005.
Steve Charnovitz, "Mini-Symposium on the Consultative Board's Report on the Future of the WTO: A Close Look at a Few Points," Journal of International Economic Law, June 2005.
"Using Framework Statutes to Facilitate U.S. Treaty Making," American Journal of International Law, October 2004.
"The WTO and Cosmopolitics," Journal of International Economic Law, September 2004.
"Transparency and Participation in the World Trade Organization," Rutgers Law Review, Summer 2004, reprinted in Tomer Broude et al. eds., Institutional Aspects of International Trade Law, Ashgate, 2013).
"Assessing the ILO's Efforts to Develop Migration Law," Legal Issues of Economic Integration, December 2003.
"Professor Hudec's Contribution to World Order," Journal of International Economic Law, September 2003.
"Comment on China's Participation in the World Trade Organization," Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, Spring 2003.
"The Emergence of Democratic Participation in Global Governance," Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Winter 2003.
"Reflections on North American Environmental Cooperation," Canada-United States Law Journal, 2002.
"Adjudicating Compliance in the WTO: A Review of DSU Article 21.5" (with Jason Kearns), Journal of International Economic Law, 2002.
"The Legal Status of the Doha Declarations," Journal of International Economic Law, March 2002.
"A World Environment Organization," Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, 2002. Reprinted in part (in French) as "Une OME, mais laquelle," Courrier de la Planete, No. 68, 2002.
"WTO Cosmopolitics," New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Winter 2002.
"Triangulating the World Trade Organization," American Journal of International Law, January 2002, reprinted in Debra Steger (ed.), The World Trade Organization (Routledge, 2014).
"The Law of Environmental 'PPMs' in the WTO: Debunking the Myth of Illegality," Yale Journal of International Law, Winter 2002. Reprinted in WTO Jurisprudence and Policy: Practitioners' Perspectives (Cameron May, 2004). Reprinted in Environmental Taxation and the Law (Edward Elgar, 2017).
"Rethinking WTO Trade Sanctions," American Journal of International Law, April 2001. Reprinted in The WTO and International Trade Law/Dispute Settlement (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005).
"Economic and Social Actors in the World Trade Organization," ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, Spring 2001.
"Opening the WTO to Nongovernmental Interests," Fordham International Law Journal, November-December 2000.
"The Supervision of Health and Biosafety Regulation by World Trade Rules," Tulane Environmental Law Journal, Summer 2000. Reprinted in "The Earthscan Reader on International Trade and Sustainable Development," 2002.
"World Trade and the Environment: A Review of the New WTO Report," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Winter 2000.
"The Globalization of Economic Human Rights," Brooklyn Journal of International Law, Winter 1999.
"World Trade Organization Turtle Decision Makes Progress," Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy, 1998.
"Learning from Early NGO Activity," Proceedings of the 92nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law, 1998.
"Environment and Health Under WTO Dispute Settlement," The International Lawyer, Fall 1998.
"Linking Topics in Treaties," University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, Summer 1998.
"The Moral Exception in Trade Policy," Virginia Journal of International Law, Summer 1998. Reprinted in part in "Forty Years of Scholarship," Virginia Journal of International Law, Spring 2000; reprinted in Tania Voon et al. eds., The Challenges of World Trade Law, Ashgate, 2013).
"A Critical Guide to the WTO's Report on Trade and Environment," Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 1997.
"Trade, Employment and Labour Standards: The OECD Study and Recent Developments in the Trade and Labor Standards Debate," Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, Spring 1997.
"The WTO's Alcoholic Beverages Decision," Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 1997.
"Two Centuries of Participation: NGOs and International Governance," Michigan Journal of International Law, Winter 1997. Excerpted in L'Economie Politique, 1er trimestre 2002.
"Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Trade Rules," Environmental Policy and Law, June 1996.
"Participation of Nongovernmental Organizations in the World Trade Organization," University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, Spring 1996.
"Dolphins and Tuna: An Analysis of the Second GATT Panel Report," Environmental Law Reporter, October 1994.
"The NAFTA Environmental Side Agreement: Implications for Environmental Cooperation, Trade Policy, and American Treatymaking," Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, Fall 1994. Reprinted in: NAFTA and the Environment (Kluwer, 1996). Reprinted in part in International Trade Law: Theory and Practice (Lexis Publishing, 2001).
"The North American Free Trade Agreement: Green Law or Green Spin?", Law & Policy in International Business, Fall 1994.
"Green Roots, Bad Pruning: GATT Rules and Their Application to Environmental Trade Measures," Tulane Environmental Law Journal, Summer 1994.
"No Time For NEPA: Trade Agreements on a Fast Track," Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, Summer 1994.
"Environmental Trade Sanctions and the GATT: An Analysis of the Pelly Amendment," American University Journal of International Law and Policy, Spring 1994. Revised version available in Additional Essays on Whales and Man (High North Alliance, 1995).
"Free Trade, Fair Trade, Green Trade: Defogging the Debate," Cornell International Law Journal, 1994.
"A Taxonomy of Environmental Trade Measures," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 1993.
"Designing American Industrial Policy: General Versus Sectoral Approaches," Stanford Law & Policy Review, Fall 1993.
"Environmental Trade Measures: Multilateral or Unilateral?", Environmental Policy and Law, June/August 1993.
"Achieving Environmental Goals under International Rules," Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 1993.
"The Environment Versus Trade Rules: Defogging the Debate," Environmental Law, 1993.
"NAFTA: An Analysis of its Environmental Provisions," Environmental Law Reporter, February 1993.

Articles in Edited Volumes

"Reforming the WTO To Better Promote Social Justice," in Social Justice and the World of Work (Brian Langille & Anne Trebilock eds), Bloomsbury, 2023.
"Sovereignty and the ILO," in Handbook on Globalisation and Labour Standards (Kimberly Ann Elliott ed.), Elgar, 2022 at 167-183.
"How the Topsy-Turvy Trade World Affects Climate Change Cooperation," (May 2019) in Cool Heads in a Warming World Part Four, Yale, 2020.
"Grading Trump's China Strategy," in European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2019 (M. Bungenberg et al eds.), Cham: Springer, 2020, 217-256.
"The Lost History of the ILO's Trade Sanctions," in ILO 100. Law for Social Justice ILO, 2019.
"Border Tax Equalization," in The World Trade System. Trends and Challenges (Jagdish Bhagwati et al eds.), Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016, 25-53.
"What the World Trade Organization Learned from the International Labour Organization," in Adelle Blackett & Anne Trebilcock, Research Handbook on Transnational Labour Law (Edward Elgar, 2015).
"Trade and Environment," in Handbook of Trade Policy for Development, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).
"The Structure and Function of the World Trade Organization (with John H. Jackson)," in The Ashgate Research Companion to International Trade Policy, (Ashgate, 2012)
"Generating Green Growth and Jobs in G8 Countries," G8 Research Group, May 2012.
"A Post-Montesquieu Analysis of the WTO," in Governing the World Trade Organization (Cambridge University Press, 2011).
"Accountability of Public and Private International Organizations," in The Ashgate Research Companion to Non-State Actors (Ashgate, 2011).
"How Nongovernmental Actors Vitalize International Law," in Looking to the Future: Essays on International Law in Honor of W. Michael Reisman (Martinus Nijhoff, 2011.
"Resist US Protectionism: The Top Trade Priority for the G20" in Rebuilding Global Trade: Proposals for a Fairer, More Sustainable Future, (ICTSD, 2009).
"An Introduction to the Trade and Environment Debate," in Handbook on Trade And the Environment (Edward Elgar, 2009).
"The WTO as an Environmental Agency," in Institutional Interplay: Biosafety and Trade (United Nations University Press, 2008).
"Mapping the Law of WTO Accession," in WTO at Ten: Governance, Dispute Settlement and Developing Countries (Juris Publishing, 2008). Reprinted in The WTO and Accession Countries, Vol. I, Elgar Reference Collection, 2009. Original, longer version reprinted in The Path of World Trade Law, World Scientific Publishing Company, October 2014.
"SPS Preamble" and "SPS Article 1," in WTO. Technical Barriers and SPS Measures (Martinus Nijhoff, 2007).
"Accountability of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in Global Governance," in NGO Accountability: Politics, Principles and Innovations (Earthscan, 2006).
"The (Neglected) Employment Dimension of the World Trade Organization," in Social Issues, Globalisation and International Institutions (Brill, 2006), reprinted in Tania Voon et al. eds., The Challenges of World Trade Law, Ashgate, 2013).
"The WTO and Cosmopolitics," in Reforming the World Trading System (Oxford, 2005).
"The Labor Dimension of the Emerging Free Trade Area of the Americas," in Labour Rights as Human Rights (Oxford, 2005). This chapter is now available as Working Paper 2004/02, New York University Law School Center for Human Rights and Global Justice.
"A World Environment Organization," Reforming International Environmental Governance: From Institutional Limits to Innovative Solutions (United Nations University Press, 2005).
"The Relevance of Non-State Actors to International Law," Developments of International Law in Treaty Making (Springer, 2005).
"Toward a World Environment Organization: Reflections Upon a Vital Debate," A World Environment Organization (Ashgate, 2005). Reprinted in Ronald B. Mitchell (ed.), International Environmental Politics, 2009
"World Trade Organization: Sanctions for Noncompliance," International Sanctions: Between Words and Wars in the Global System (Frank Cass Publishers, 2005).
"Recent Developments and Scholarship on WTO Enforcement Remedies," Inter-Governmental Trade Dispute Settlement: Multilateral and Regional Approaches (Cameron May, 2004). This chapter is also available in Spanish from the Inter-American Development Bank.
"Trade and Climate: Potential Conflicts and Synergies," Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 2003.
"The Review of Health Standards in the WTO: A Comment," The Role of the Judge in International Trade Regulation (University of Michigan Press, 2003).
"Trade Law Norms and International Migration," Migration and International Legal Norms (T.M.C. Asser Press, 2003).
"WTO Dispute Settlement as a Model for International Governance," Economic Globalization and Compliance with International Environmental Agreements (Kluwer Law International, 2003).
"Judicial Independence in the World Trade Organization," International Organizations and International Dispute Settlement: Trends and Prospects (Transnational Publishers, 2002).
"Should the Teeth Be Pulled? An Analysis of WTO Trade Sanctions," The Political Economy of International Trade Law (Cambridge University Press, 2002).
"World Trade Organization," International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics (Routledge, 2002).
"Some Key WTO Relationships," summarized in Efficiency, Equity, and Legitimacy: The Multilateral Trading System at the Millennium (Brookings Institution, 2001).
"Transnational Civil Society Dialogues" (with Francesca Bignami), in Transatlantic Governance in the Global Economy (Rowman & Littlefield, 2001).
"The International Labour Organization in its Second Century," Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law (Kluwer Law International, 2000).
"Improving the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards," Trade, Environment and the Millennium (United Nations University Press, 1999; 2nd edition, 2002).
"The World Trade Organization and the Environment," Yearbook of International Environmental Law (Oxford University Press, 1997), 1998. Reprinted in The WTO, Trade and the Environment (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005. Reprinted and revised in Norwegian as "The World Trade Organization and the Environment," in Fra GATT til WTO (Norwegian Institute for International Affairs, 1998).
"US Fast Track and the Environment" in Trade and Environment: Bridging the Gap (T.M.C. Asser Instituut, 1998).
"The Role of Trade Measures in Treaties," in Trade and Environment: Bridging the Gap (T.M.C. Asser Instituut, 1998).
"Labor and Environmental Issues," in Restarting Fast Track (Institute for International Economics, 1998).
"Globalization, Trade, and Interdependence" (with Elizabeth Dowdeswell), in Thinking Ecologically: Building the Next Generation of Environmental Policy (Yale University Press, 1997).
"Improving the Trade and Environment Regimes," in Asian Dragons and Green Trade (Times Academic, 1996).
"Competitiveness, Harmonization and the Global Ecolonomy," in Agriculture, Trade and the Environment: Discovering and Measuring the Critical Linkages (Westview Press, 1996).
"GATT Rights, GATT Wrongs, and Environmental Regulation," in International Trade and Sustainable Development (Murray G. Smith ed., 1992 Conference), Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law, 1995, 23-70.
"Trade and Environment: The Next Steps," in Trade and Environment: The International Debate (U.N. Conference on Trade and Development, 1994).
"Environmental Harmonization and Trade Policy," in Trade and the Environment (Island Press, 1993).
"Environmental Trade Measures and Economic Competitiveness: An Overview of the Issues," in Environmental Policies and Industrial Competitiveness (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1993).
"Evaluating Sunset Laws. What Will It Mean?," in Contemporary Public Budgeting (Transaction Books, 1981). This chapter is drawn from an article in The Bureaucrat, Fall 1977.

International Affairs Journals

"How the United States Can Improve Energy and Climate Policies," (with Daniel Esty), World Financial Review, July/August 2012.
"New opportunities for nongovernmental actors in the International Law Commission," Cosmopolis, 2011.
"The World Trade Organization in 2020," Journal of International Law & International Relations, Spring 2005.
"Trans-Parliamentary Associations in Global Functional Agencies," Transnational Associations, May/June 2002.
"The Greening of the WTO," (with Michael Weinstein) Foreign Affairs, November-December 2001.
"Promoting Higher Labor Standards," The Washington Quarterly, Summer 1995. Reprinted in New Forces in the World Economy (MIT Press, 1996).
"The Influence of International Labour Standards on the World Trading System," International Labour Review, September-October 1987. Available in Spanish. Reprinted with commentary in International Labour Review, Centenary Collection, Labour Law (2021, No. 5).
"International Trade and Worker Rights," The Johns Hopkins University SAIS Review, Winter-Spring 1987.
"Varieties of Labor Organization," Caribbean Review, Spring 1985.
"The Human Rights of Foreign Labor," Worldview, January 1985.

Trade Policy Journals

"Canada - Renewable Energy: Implications for WTO Law on Green and Not-So-Green Subsidies" (with Carolyn Fischer), World Trade Review, April 2015, pp. 177-210.
Green Subsidies and the WTO (September 2014). Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Paper No. RSCAS 2014/93. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2498518. Also published as World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 7060.
"US - Tyres: Upholding a WTO Accession Contract -- Imposing Pain for Little Gain," (with Bernard Hoekman) World Trade Review, April 2013.
"Belgian Family Allowances and the Challenge of Origin-Based Discrimination," World Trade Review, March 2005.
Internet Roundtable, "The Appellate Body's GSP Decision," World Trade Review, July 2004.
"The World Trade Organization and Law Enforcement," Journal of World Trade, October 2003.
"The World Trade Organization, Meat Hormones, and Food Safety," International Trade Reporter, October 15, 1997. Reprinted in World Food Regulation Review, November 1997.
"The Future of Fast Track in U.S. Trade Policy," International Trade Reporter, April 9, 1997.
"NGOs and the Original International Trade Regime" (with John Wickham), Journal of World Trade, October 1995.
"The World Trade Organization and Social Issues," Journal of World Trade, October 1994.
"NAFTA’s Social Dimension: Lessons for the Past and Framework for the Future," International Trade Journal, Spring 1994.
"Environmentalism Confronts GATT Rules: Recent Developments and New Opportunities," Journal of World Trade, April 1993.
"Exploring the Environmental Exceptions in GATT Article XX," Journal of World Trade, October 1991.
"Fair Labor Standards and International Trade," Journal of World Trade Law, January-February 1986.

Environment Journals

"Organizing for the Green Economy: What an International Green Economy Organization Could Add," Journal of Environment & Development, Vol. 21, March 2012.
"Environmental Sustainability Index Likely to Become Important Management Tool," International Environment Reporter, February 16, 2000.
"New WTO Adjudication and its Implications for the Environment," International Environment Reporter, September 18, 1996.
"Trade Measures and the Design of International Regimes," Journal of Environment & Development, June 1996. Reprinted in Trade and the Environment: Economic, Legal and Policy Perspectives (Edward Elgar Publishing, 1998).
"The WTO Panel Decision on U.S. Clean Air Act Regulations," International Environment Reporter, March 6, 1996.
"Regional Trade Agreements and the Environment," Environment, July/August 1995.
"Environmental Blindness?," Our Planet, 1995.
"Improving Environmental and Trade Governance," International Environmental Affairs, Winter 1995.
"The GATT Panel Decision on Automobile Taxes," International Environment Reporter, November 2, 1994.
"Encouraging Environmental Cooperation through the Pelly Amendment," Journal of Environment & Development, Winter 1994.
"NAFTA’s Environmental Significance," Environment, March 1994.
"The World Trade Organization and Environmental Supervision," International Environment Reporter, January 26, 1994.
"Trade and Environment: Four Schools of Thought," Ecodecision, January 1994.
"The Regulation of Environmental Standards By International Trade Agreements," International Environment Reporter, August 25, 1993. Excerpted in International Environmental Law Anthology (Anderson Publishing, 1996).
"GATT and the Environment: Examining the Issues," International Environmental Affairs, Summer 1992. Based on Presentation to the Centre for Trade Policy and Law, May 1992, published in International Trade and Sustainable Development (1995).
"Trade Negotiations and the Environment," International Environment Reporter, March 11, 1992.

Economics Journals

"Reinventing the ILO," International Labour Review, March 2015, pp. 91-96.
"America's New Climate Unilateralism," The International Economy, Fall 2009.
"The WTO's Problematic "Last Resort" Against Noncompliance," Aussenwirtschaft. The Swiss Review of International Economic Relations, December 2002. An updated version of this article is available.
"The WTO and the Rights of the Individual," Intereconomics, March/April 2001. Reprinted (in Spanish) in Ars Iuris, 2001. Reprinted (in Chinese) in Global Law Review, 2002.
"Strengthening the International Employment Regime," Intereconomics, September/October 1995.
"Environmental and Labour Standards in Trade," The World Economy, May 1992.
"Trade Links: Labor and the Environment," International Economic Insights, September/October 1991.
"Yes, The Bubble Really Exists," Tax Notes, June 18, 1990. Response to Abbin, Tax Notes, July 2, 1990.
"Caribbean Basin Initiative: Setting Labor Standards," Monthly Labor Review, November 1984.
"Trade Adjustment Assistance: What Went Wrong," The Journal of the Institute of Socioeconomic Studies, Spring 1984.

Business Journals

"Green Rules to Drive Innovation" (with Daniel C. Esty), Harvard Business Review, March 2012.
"What Tax Lawyers Should Know About Trade Law," Tax Management International Journal, October 13, 2000 (with Jeffrey M. Lang, Robert B. Stack, and Joshua T. Brady)
"WTO Salmon Decision May Undermine Health," World Food Regulation Review, December 1998.
"Patent Harmonization under World Trade Rules," Journal of World Intellectual Property, January 1998.
"Balancing Trade and the Environment," Issues in Science and Technology, Winter 1995-96.
"Brobdingnagian Tax Rates Under the Social Security Earnings Test," Benefits Quarterly, First Quarter 1992.
"Worker Adjustment: The Missing Ingredient in U.S. Trade Policy," California Management Review, Winter 1986.
"The Department of Transportation Bicycle Program," Highway & Urban Mass Transportation, September 1974.

Op-eds and Letters

"Does the Constitution Preclude a Wealth Tax?," Wall Street Journal, March 14, 2023 (Letter).
"A Statutory Path for Yellen's Global Tax Treaty," Wall Street Journal, October 2021.
"The Field of International Pandemic Law," May 10, 2020.
"Despite the GAO, Mr. Trump Broke No Rule," Wall Street Journal, January 22, 2020.
"U.S.-China Talks Ignore Global Trade Rules," Letter, Wall Street Journal, May 18, 2019.
"Legal Case Against China's Trade is Complex," Wall Street Journal, March 28, 2018.
"The Founders Certainly Didn't Believe in Wealth Taxes," Wall Street Journal, December 11, 2013.
"Congress Had Always Called Them Taxes," Wall Street Journal, July 11, 2012.
"A Science Center by Any Other Name," The GW Hatchet, May 11, 2009.
"The Bush-Schwab Policy on Colombia FTA Has Failed Miserably," Bridges, January 2009.
"The Tax Cuts for 95% of Americans Provoke Skepticism," Wall Street Journal, October 18-19, 2008.
"D.C. Voting Solution," Roll Call, April 24, 2007.
"WTO Rules on Patents' Compulsory Licensing," in Wall Street Journal, March 24, 2007.
"Promoting Better WTO Parliamentary Cooperation," in The Parliamentary Dimension of the WTO, June 2006.
"Let the Debate Begin," Roll Call, April 27, 2005.
"House Can Find Another Solution," Roll Call, June 8, 2004.
"The Byrd Amendment Ruling Needs Careful Review," Bridges, January 2003.
"The Environmental Significance of the Doha Declaration," Bridges, November/December 2001. Reprinted in American Bar Association, International Environmental Law Committee Newsletter, July 2002.
"The Trade-phobic 105th Congress," Journal of Commerce, October 26, 1998
"Censure is not Allowed for Presidents," Journal of Commerce, October 12, 1998.
"Slipping on Salmon Trade," Journal of Commerce, September 10, 1998.
"How to Enact Fast-Track," Journal of Commerce, August 10, 1998.
"Attorney General Is Impeachable," Wall Street Journal, August 4, 1998.
"Unleashing More Pork," Journal of Commerce, July 13, 1998.
"What budget surplus?," Journal of Commerce, June 11, 1998.
"Forging a World Travel Pact," Journal of Commerce, May 20, 1998.
"The ILO needs more muscle," Journal of Commerce, April 9, 1998.
"The Line Item Veto Isn't a 'Veto' at All," National Law Journal, March 23, 1998.
"Mounting backlog of treaties," Journal of Commerce, January 28, 1998.
"Teamsters and US foreign policy," Journal of Commerce, December 23, 1997.
"The Causes and Consequences of Fast Track Defeat: Blame the Republicans," Journal of Commerce, November 14, 1997
"The Line Item Veto: A constitutional question," Journal of Commerce, August 20, 1997.
"Archer Slow on Fast Track," Journal of Commerce, June 3, 1997.
"Death of the line-item veto," Journal of Commerce, April 29, 1997.
"Child labor: What to do?," Journal of Commerce, August 15, 1996.
"Beyond the Minimum Wage," Journal of Commerce, July 17, 1996.
"China, Cuba and trade law," Journal of Commerce, May 31, 1996.
"Sustainable development," Journal of Commerce, April 16, 1996.
"Cab Bob Dole lead on trade?," Journal of Commerce, March 14, 1996.
"The Trade-Blind Congress of ’95," Journal of Commerce, December 29, 1995.
"Extortion and the Debt Ceiling," Journal of Commerce, November 16, 1995.
"The Budget and the Veto," Christian Science Monitor, September 7, 1995.
"Don't Cut Funding for Science," Journal of Commerce, August 22, 1995.
"Reinventing the Commerce Department," Journal of Commerce, July 12, 1995.
"America Doesn't Need a Tax Cut," Journal of Commerce, June 13, 1995.
"Economic Warfare Against Japan," Journal of Commerce, May 19, 1995.
"Environment, Labor and Trade," Journal of Commerce, April 10, 1995.
"Rebulding the Trade Fast Track," Journal of Commerce, March 24, 1995.
"A New Federal-State Balance," Journal of Commerce, March 1, 1995.
"America's 30-Year Cuban Pique." Journal of Commerce, February 3, 1995.
"UN’s Environmental Challenge," Journal of Commerce, January 5, 1995.
"Can the GOP Reform Congress?," Journal of Commerce, December 8, 1994.
"Getting Hemispheric Trade Right," Journal of Commerce, November 21, 1994.
"The New Republican Manifesto," Journal of Commerce, September 30, 1994.
"How Fast Track Got Derailed," Journal of Commerce, September 16, 1994.
"Computerizing the Classroom," Journal of Commerce, August 30, 1994.
"Why Competitiveness Matters," Journal of Commerce, August 2, 1994.
"We Can Abide by Global Rules," Los Angeles Times, July 18, 1994.
"American Help for Ailing Haiti," Journal of Commerce, June 29, 1994.
"China, Trade and Human Rights," Journal of Commerce, May 10, 1994.
"Promoting World Labor Rules," Journal of Commerce, April 19, 1994.
"Budget Rules and the GATT," Journal of Commerce, March 7, 1994.
"Reinventing Worker Retraining," Journal of Commerce, January 14, 1994.
"A Game Plan for Saving Nafta," Journal of Commerce, October 21, 1993.
"Assist Displaced Workers," Christian Science Monitor, September 27, 1993.
"When Trade Meets Environment," Journal of Commerce, July 19, 1993.
"Rethinking a Nafta Border Tax," Journal of Commerce, April 21, 1993.
"NAFTA’s Link to Environmental Policies," Los Angeles Times, April 21, 1993.
"A Union of Democracies," Christian Science Monitor, August 5, 1985.
"Time for a Parliamentary Experiment," Canadian Parliamentary Review, Spring 1985. Available in French.

Pamphlets

"US Efforts to Ensure That Regulation Does Not Present Trade Barriers," E15, November 2015.
"Green Subsidies and the WTO," World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 7060, October 2014, reprinted in EUI Working Papers RSCAS 2014/93, 2014.
"An Examination of Social Standards in Biofuels Sustainability," International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council, December 2008 (with Jane Earley and Robert Howse).
"Risk and Reward: U.S.-EU Regulatory Cooperation on Food Safety and the Environment" (member of Working Group), Atlantic Council Policy Paper, Nov. 2002.
"Solving the PPM Puzzle," Lecture delivered at the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales, Geneva, October 2000.
"Trade and the Environment," in The Convergence of U.S. National Security and the Global Environment, Aspen Institute, February 2000.
"Addressing Environmental and Labor Issues in the World Trade Organization," in Trade in the New Economy, Progressive Policy Institute, November 1999.
Restraining the Use of Trade Measures in Multilateral Agreements: An Outline of the Issues, in T.M.C. Asser Instituut, Report of the Round Table Conference, The Relationship between the Multilateral Trading System and the Use of Trade Measures in Multilateral Environmental Agreements, January 1996.
"Living in an Ecolonomy: Environmental Cooperation and the GATT," Kennedy School of Government, Conference on International Trade Agreements and the Environment, April 1994.
"The Green Trade Debate," Overseas Development Council, March 1994.
"Third World Worker Rights and U.S. Trade Policy: Should They Be Linked?," Overseas Development Council, November 1986.

Book Reviews

World Trade Review, July 2020, Review of Luca Rubini and Jennifer Hawkins (eds.), What Shapes the Law? Reflections on the History, Law, Politics and Economics of International and European Subsidy Disciplines.
American Journal of International Law, July 2016, Review of Francis Maupain, The Future of the International Labour Organization in the Global Economy.
Journal of International Economic Law, March 2014, Review of Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, International Economic Law in the 21st Century: Constitutional Pluralism and Multilevel Governance of Interdependent Public Goods.
American Journal of International Law, July 2011, Review of David Bederman, Globalization and International Law.
World Trade Review, April 2010, Review of Trade and Climate Change: A Report by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Trade Organization.
American Journal of International Law, October 2009, Review Essay: Recent Scholarship on NGOs.
American Journal of International Law, July 2009, Review of Catherine Brolmann, The Institutional Veil in Public International Law.
World Trade Review, October 2008, Review of Peter John Williams, A Handbook on Accession to the WTO.
International Trade Law & Regulation, 2008, Vol. 14, No. 15, Review of Laura Nielsen, The WTO, Animals and PPMs.
World Trade Review, April 2008, Review of Michael Mussa (ed.), C. Fred Bergsten and the World Economy.
Journal of International Economic Law, March 2008, Review of WTO & ILO, Trade and Employment: Challenges for Policy Research.
Journal of International Economic Law, March 2007, Review of Hal Shapiro, Fast Track: A Legal, Historical and Political Analysis.
American Journal of International Law, July 2006, Review of Anna-Karin Lindblom, Non-governmental Organisations and International Law and Kerstin Martens, NGOs and the United Nations: Institutionalization, Professionalization and Adaptation.
American Journal of International Law, July 2005, Review of Martin Wolf, Why Globalization Works.
Journal of International Economic Law, June 2005, Review of The Future of the WTO.
American Journal of International Law, October 2004. Review of La jurisprudence de le OMC /The Case-Law of the WTO, 1996/1997.
Amercian Journal of International Law, July 2004. Review of Won-Mog Choi, "Like Products" in International Trade Law.
Transnational Associations, April-June 2004. Review of World Social Forum. Challenging Empires.
World Trade Review, March 2003. Review of Philippe Legrain, Open World: The Truth about Globalisation.
Journal of Economic Literature, September 2002. Review of Christopher Arup, The New World Trade Organization Agreements: Globalising Law Through Services and Intellectual Property.
Global Environmental Politics, August 2002. Review of Barry and Frankland eds., International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics.
"The World According to Gingrich," Journal of Commerce, April 24, 1998. Review of Newt Gingrich, Lessons Learned the Hard Way.
"A Make-over for the Tax Code," Journal of Commerce, April 11, 1997. Review of Michael J. Graetz, The Decline (and Fall?) of the Income Tax.
"Human Development," Monthly Labor Review, November 1996. Review of Mahbub ul Haq, Reflections on Human Development.
"Inside the Reagan Revolution," Journal of Commerce, September 16, 1996. Review of Richard Darman, Who's In Control?.
"Bill Bradley: Looking at America," Journal of Commerce, February 5, 1996. Review of Bill Bradley, Time Present, Time Past.
"Colin Powell’s American Journey," Journal of Commerce, September 27, 1995. Review of Colin Powell, My American Journey.
"Greening the GATT," in Yearbook of International Environmental Law (Oxford University Press, 1994), 1995. Review of Daniel Esty, Greening the GATT.
"Trade and Labor Standards," Monthly Labor Review, August 1995. Review of Gary Fields, Trade and Labor Standards: A Review of the Issues.
"Environment and Resource Policies for the World Economy," Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, Spring 1995. Review of Richard Cooper, Environment and Resource Policies for the World Economy.
"Working World," International Economic Insights, July/August 1993. Review of International Labour Organization, World Labour Report.
"Hidden Subsidies," International Economic Insights, January/February 1991. Review of U.S. Department of Labor, Worker Rights in Export Processing Zones.

Various Lectures, Panel Presentations, Testimony & Interviews

"International Trade Cooperation in an Era of Turbulence," Keynote Address to the Informal EU Trade Ministers, October 19, 2023.
"Ecolonomy" is the missing policy to face the climate challenge, Interview with Steve Charnovitz, in Le Droit (Public Économique) Du Monde D’Après (Fabian Bottini ed., Legitech 2023).
Panel Presentation (Virtual), Jean Monnet Network on Transatlantic Trade Politics Research Workshop, October 12, 2021.
"Trump, Tariffs, and Trade," National Constitution Center (with Timothy Meyer and Jeffrey Rosen), March 15, 2018.
Academic Floats Solution For WTO Appellate Body Turmoil, Nov. 3, 2017.
Salient Features of WTO Accession Protocols, World Trade Organization, September 2015.
Environmental Sustainability and Competitiveness: Policy Imperative and Corporate Opportunity (with Daniel C. Esty), Paper Presented at Harvard Business School Competitiveness Forum, November 30, 2011.
NGO Accountability, Book Launch, United Nations Nongovernmental Liaison Service, January 19 2007.
"Promoting Better WTO Interparliamentary Cooperation," European Parliament Committee on International Trade, June 2006.
Presentation to the Panel on the Dispute Settlement System and WTO Tenth Anniversary Conference, Columbia University, April 2006.
" Introduction to WTO Appellate Body Roundtable," in 99 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law (March-April 2005).
The Byrd Amendment, American Enterprise Institute, February 2004.
Taiwan and the WTO, International Conference on the United Nations and Taiwan, New Century Institute, New York, September 5, 2003.
The World Trade Organization and Law Enforcement, Background Paper for ASIL/CFR Roundtable, Washington, March 2003.
International Standards and the WTO, Background Paper for Global Forum on Trade, Environment, and Development, Quito, June 2002.
WTO Norms on International Migration, Experts Meeting on International Legal Norms and Migration, Geneva, May 2002.
Presentation to Side Event at U.N. PrepCom III for the World Summit on Sustainable Development, New York, March 2002.
A World Environment Organization, United Nations University, March 2002.
Interview, "Ideas for the ILO's Second Century," ILO Focus, Spring 2001.
Presentation to Joint Conference of the Global Environment & Trade Study and the World Trade Institute, Geneva, March 8, 2001.
Presentation to the Workshop on Regional and Multilateral Trade Liberalization, Columbia University, March 2001.
"Labor and the World Trade Organization," Presentation to the World Affairs Council of Seattle, October 1999.
Addressing Environment and Labor in the WTO, Columbia University Conference on The Next Trade Negotiating Round: Examining the Agenda for Seattle, July 1999.
The Turtle-Shrimp Decision, New York Law School Center for International Law, Symposium on World Trade and the Environment, September 1998. Reprinted in New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law, 1999.
CATO Institute Program on the WTO Turtle-Shrimp Decision, December 1998.
Remarks at the Quaker Center Geneva, March 19, 1998.
Linkage of Trade Policy and Environmental Policy, Aspen Global Change Institute, August 1995. Video presentation here.
"Caribbean Basin Investment and the Labor Environment," Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, Conference on the Asian Development Model and the Caribbean Basin Initiative, September 1984.

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